- Sexual intercourse OK anytime during pregnancy except for: (+) PROM, pre-term labor, incompetent cervix and (+) vaginal spotting
- HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) – responsible for a positive pregnancy test
- FLUID RETENTION caused by elevated estrogen and progesterone and also fatigue
- OXYTOCIN – produced by posterior pituitary gland for uterine contractions
- FUNDAL PRESSURE – aids in placental delivery if mother is anesthetized
- GLOBULAR – uterus in 3rd stage of labor
- CORD TRACTION AND FUNDAL PRESSURE DANGER – inversion of uterus and avulsion of cord
- AFTERCARE post PLACENTA DELIVERY – comfort, dry clothing, perineal pads and linens
- CHECK 4TH STAGE OF LABOR q15 – lochia, fundus, hematoma
- AVOID SEX if cervical mucus is clear and elastic (for contraception)
- INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER – for low sperm count
- IN-VITRO – for tubal occlusion
- ANOVULATION – tx of Clomid or Parlodel
- CERVICAL CAP – (-) spermicide pre-intercourse, can stay up to 24-48h, durable, contraindicated if with abnormal pap smear
- IUD doesn’t protect against STDs
- PROFUSE BLOOD LOSS – saturation of peripad within 15 minutes and with pain sensation
- DISTENDED BLADDER inhibits uterine contraction with increased risk of blood loss
- FOR IMPENDING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK massage fundus if boggy, elevate legs from hips, IV line, oxygen at 8-10 l/min, stay with patient
- PRE- LM – void
- FHR – priority post rupture of membranes
- FHR frequency – beginning to beginning
- ENDOMETRIOSIS – growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; dx: lap and biopsy
- DANOCRINE – menses stop, edema, weight gain, anovulation
- BBT – drop 0.2 F pre ovulation, increase 0.4 F post ovulation
- MOST ACCURATE BBT READING – immediately after awakening and before arising
- STRIAE GRAVIDARUM – abdominal stretches
- DIPPING – descending but not at ischial spine
- IMPENDING DELIVERY – increase in bloody show, rectal pressure, rupture of membranes, regular and long contractions
- RITGEN’S MANEUVER at crowning
- FUNDAL HEIGHT AT UMBILICUS at 20 weeks or 5 months gestation
- HEMORRHAGE AND INFECTION – most important to check 24 postpartum
- COMPLETE CERVICAL DILATATION – termination of first stage of labor
- PLACENTAL DELIVERY – end of third stage of labor
- VITAMIN K – 1.0 mg for full terms, 0.5 mg for pre-terms
- CLINIC VISITS 12 TO 24 MONTHS – monthly
- ROOMING IN – for maternal-infant bonding
- HCG PRIMARY FUNCTION – maintain corpus luteum during 1st trimester
- DODERLEIN’S BACULLUS – maintains acidic vaginal pH
- BTL – no lifting activities post surgery
- BSE SCHED – 5-7 days post menstruation
- MAMMOGRAPHY – dx of breast CA; yearly for 40s, biannual for 50y above
- RADICAL MASTECTOMY – removal of breast/s, pectoral muscle, pectoral fascia, nodes
- VITAL SIGNS – most important 2 h postpartum
- IUD INSERTION – done during menstrual days 1-4
- OVULATION PERIOD – 24-48 hours pre-ovulation to 48 hours post ovulation
- OCPs – prevent ovulation
- CLOMID – stimulates oogenesis
- LIGHTENING - decrease in fundal height due to a change in shape of the abdomen a few weeks before onset of labor
- HOME VISIT – for continuity of care
- ABORTION – loss of fetus before viability (20 weeks)
- INEVITABLE ABORTION – with dilated cervix
- THREATENED ABORTION – closed cervix, spotting and uterine cramping
- HABITUAL ABORTION – consecutive abortions
- THREATENED ABORTION – complete bed rest, check vaginal bleeding and observe uterine contractions
- OVULATION – 14 days before menstruation (for a 28 day cycle); increased pH of cervical secretions, (+) MITTLESCHMERZ; increase in BBT
- PROLIFERATIVE – LH surge from anterior pituitary gland
- AGE OF VIABILITY – at 5th month or 20-24 weeks
- OSSIFICATION OF BONES – at 10th lunar month
- FHT – Doppler at 3 weeks, fetoscope at 18-20 weeks
- MC DONALD’S RULE – fundic ht in cm x 8/7 = aog
- PRENATAL CHECKUPS – 1-7 mo once a month, 8th mo 2/month, 9th q wk
- PREGNANCY AS A MATURATIONAL CRISIS – due to hormonal and physiological changes occurring
- PROM – prone to infections
- TAKING HOLD PHASE – focus is the infant
- POST PARTUM BLUES – 4-5 days post partum
- ZYGOTE – cell that results from the fertilization of the ovum by a sperm
- MITOSIS – cell division of the fertilized ovum
- OVULATION – rupture of the ovum from the graafian follicle
- MORULA – mulberry-like ball of cell that results from cleavage
- FUNDUS – where zygote normally implants
- IMPLANTATION – 7-10 days post fertilization
- EFFACEMENT – cervix becomes thinner
- GDM – carbohydrate intolerance induced by pregnancy
- ADVERSE EFFECTS OF GDM – morbidity common in newborn, infant may inherit a predisposing to DM, higher perinatal death
- GDM NURSING INTERVENTIONS – liberal exercise, acceptable diet at 30-35 kcal/kg of IDBW/day, insulin as ordered, CBG monitoring
- GLUCOSE – 18.02 mg/dl = 1 mmol
- BREAST ENGORGEMENT – doesn’t last for greater than 24 hours
- MEFENAMIC ACID – anti-inflammatory
- PASSAGEWAY – structure of maternal pelvis
- NITRAZINE PAPER TEST – urine vs. amniotic fluid; yellow vs blue
- PROM – check temperature
- NONPREGNANT UTERUS – lined by endometrium
- VULVA – externally visible structure of the female reproductive system extending from the symphysis pubis to the perineum
- AMPULLA – fertilization site
- ISTHMUS – site of sterilization
- VAS DEFERENS – conduit for spermatozoa
- EJACULATORY DUCT – seminal fluid
- LEYDIG’S CELLS – synthesize testosterone
- PROGESTERONE – increased activity of endometrial glands during luteal phase; increased basal metabolism, increased placental growth, development of acinar cells in the breast
- ROUND LIGAMENT – (+) hypertrophy during pregnancy
- SPERM MOTILITY – best criterion for sperm quality
- HYSTEROSAPINGOGRAPHY – introduction of radiopaque material into uterus and fallopian tubes to assess for tubal patency
- TETANIC CONTRACTIONS – brought about by the overstimulation by oxytocin
- DYSTOCIA – due to mechanical factors
- POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE – greater than 500 ml of blood loss
- CORTEX OF OVARIES – where developing follicles and the graafian follicles are found
- LABIA MINORA – forms the frenulum and prepuce of the clitoris
- FOURCHETTE – formed by the labia minora tapering and extending posteriorly
- RUGAE – thick folds of membranous stratified epithelium on the internal vaginal wall capable of stretching during the birth process to accommodate delivery of fetus
- EXTERNAL OS – location where squamocolumnar junction is, pap smear location
- MYOMETRIUM – largest portion of uterus
- CORPUS – upper triangular portion of uterus
- LH – testosterone production
- ESTROGEN – secreted by graafian follicle associated with spinnbarkeit and ferning
- AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE – cystic fibrosis, tay-sach’s disease, sickle-cell anemia
- CHORIONIC VILLI SAMPLING – detects trisomy 21, cystic fibrosis and tay sach’s
- MATERNAL AGE – indication for chorionic villi sampling
- RHOGAM – essential post-CVS or RH (-) mom; refrain from sex 48h post-CVS
- NEEDLE INSERTION SITE – most important factor affecting amniocentesis
- MORNING AFTER PILL – prevent implantation of the fertilized ovum; taken within 12h post-intercourse, (+) slight nausea post-2d; not given to those with hx contraindications to OCPs
- COMBINED OCPs – inhibit FSH and LH production
- ESTROGEN – causes sodium retention
- PARITY – indication for IUD use
- HX OF PRETERM LABOR – contraindication for IUD use
- HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAM – done 2-6 days after menses
- COVADE’S SYNDROME – way in which an expectant father can explore his feelings
- RhOGAM – should be administered within 72h; destroys fetal RBCs to prevent antibody formation
- LEUPROLIDE – tx for endometriosis
- AMPICILLIN – safest antibiotic for pyelonephritis
- HYPOTONIC DYSTOCIA – monitor contractions
- MAGNESIUM TOXICITY – first sign is disappearance of knee-jerk reflex
- IUD SIDE EFFECT – excessive menstrual flow
- IUD COMMON PROBLEM – spontaneous expulsion of device
- IUD – provides contraception by setting up a non-specific inflammatory cell reaction in the endometrium
- OVULATION – occurs when LH is high
- OCPs – causes breakthrough bleeding
- POST COITAL TEST – best timed within 1-2 days of presumed ovulation
- TUBAL DEFECTS – are most often related to past infections
- INFERTILITY – inability to become pregnant after a year of trying
- SIMS HUHNER (POST COITAL TEST) – determine the number, motility and activity of sperm
- HYATIDIFORM MOLE – be alert for unusual uterine enlargement
- ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES – sudden lower right or left abdominal pain radiating to the shoulders
- TUBAL RUPTURE – sudden knifelike, lower quadrant pain
- GERM PLASMA DEFECTS – causes most spontaneous abortions
- INCOMPLETE ABORTION – fetus is expelled but part of the placenta and membranes are not
- FUNIS – umbilical cord
- AMNION – inner membrane that encloses the fluid medium for the embryo
- FETUS – 8th week to birth
- 12th WEEK – uterus becomes an abdominal organ
- QUICKENING – first fetal movement felt by the mother
- GREATEST WEIGHT GAIN – in third trimester; 2nd trimester: height and length
- PLACENTA – chief source of estrogen and progesterone after the first 3 months
- DUCTUS VENOSUS – has the highest oxygen content
- DIAGONAL CONJUGATE – A-P diameter of pelvic inlet
- BLOOD VOLUME INCREASE – 30-50% is normal
- CHADWICK’S SX – purplish discoloration of vaginal mucosa
- PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA – result of increased plasma volume of the mother
- CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN – causes nausea and vomiting
- PITUITARY GLAND – increase in melanotropin hormone causing dark nipples and linea nigra
- RH DETERMINATION - routinely performed on expectant mothers to predict whether the fetus is at risk for acute hemolytic anemia
- LEUKORRHEA – caused by elevated estrogen
- TX FOR FLUID RETENTION - adequate fluids and elevation of lower extremities
- FULL BLADDER – pre UTZ
- NORMAL AMNIOTIC FLUID – clear, almost colorless, containing little white specks
- RESTRICT MOVEMENT – when an external fetal monitor is being used
- EARLY DECELERATION – FHT decreases just before acme due to head compression
- LATE DECELERATION – FHT decreases just after acme caused by uteroplacental insufficiency; may lead to distress
- VARIABLE DECELARATION – due to cord compression
- LOCATION OF FUNDUS AFTER PLACENTAL DELIVERY – halfway between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus
- SLOW DEEP BREATHING – alleviates discomfort during contractions
- PANTING – during crowning
- OCCIPUT POSTERIOR – causes low back pain
- APPLICATION OF BACK PRESSURE – during contractions to increase comfort
- NPO – during second stage of labor because undigested food and fluid may cause nausea and vomiting, limiting the choice of anesthesia
- TRANSITIONAL PHASE – help client retain/remain in control
- POSITIONING DURING DELIVERY – legs elevated simultaneously to prevent trauma to the uterine ligaments
- UTERINE TETANY – observe carefully for this during the induction of labor
- PUSH WITH GLOTTIS OPEN – when fully dilated but (-) crowning
- EPISIOTOMY is done to prevent lacerations
- PUERPERAL INFECTIONS – 2 most important predisposing factors to its development is hemorrhage and trauma during birth
- PROLACTIN - stimulates secretion of milk from the mammary glands
- SITZ BATH – promotes vasodilation, relieves hemorrhoids
- INFANT FEEDING – on demand; baby will soon develop a feeding schedule
- CLOSURE OF FORAMEN OVALE – after birth is caused by an increase in the pulmonary blood flow
- DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS – becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
- HEART RATE – primary critical observation in apgar scoring
- MECONIUM CHECK Q SHIFT – to keep limit development of hyperbilirubinemia
- ASSYMETRICAL MORO REFLEX – associated with brachial plexus, cervical or humerus injuries
- STERILE INFANT INTESTINES – lack bacteria necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin
- PKU SCREENING – measures protein metabolism
- NORMAL REGURGITATION – in infants is caused by an underdeveloped cardiac sphincter
- AMNIOCENTESIS – done to detect presence of neural tube defects
- PREMATURITY – contraindication for oxytocin challenge test
- UTEROPLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY – (+) CST
- PREGNANT ADOLESCENT – emphasize importance of consistent care
- PERINATAL MORTALITY – is 2-3 times greater in multiple gestation than in single gestation
- HYPOTONIC UTERINE DYSTOCIA – is oftentimes caused by multiple gestation
- PYELONEPHRITIS – observe for signs of PTL; antibiotic tx should be administered until urine is sterile—2 (-) C/S
- CONCEALED HEMORRHAGE – causes abdominal pain associated with abruption placenta
- DIC/HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA – causes bleeding following sever abruptio placenta
- ABRUPTIO PLACENTA – is most likely to occur in women with pregnancy induced hypertension
- PLACENTA PREVIA – painless vaginal bleeding
- PAIN MEDS – are kept at minimum during PTL to prevent respiratory depression
- ATONY OF THE UTERUS – due to overstretching is commonly caused by multiple gestation
- OVERDISTENED BLADDER/HYDRAMNIOS – may cause uterine atony
- POSTPARTAL HEMORRHAGE – rarely occurs as a complication of uncomplicated gestational hypertension
- PIH – BP elevation of 30/15 mmHg from baseline on 2 occasions 6 hours apart
- EPIGASTRIC PAIN – subjective symptom of an impending seizure
- ROLLING OF EYES TO ONE SIDE WITH A FIXED STATE – objective sign of an impending seizure
- DANGER OF SEIZURE – ends in 48h postpartum in a woman with eclampsia
- CORD COMPRESSION - birth hazard associated with breech delivery
- GRAVIDOCARDIAC PT - cardiac acceleration in the last half of pregnancy; most compromised during the first 48 hours after delivery; forceps delivery
- GDM DIET – balanced, to meet the increased dietary needs with insulin adjusted as necessary
- RENAL AGENESIS - funis with only two vessels
- DRUG WITHDRAWAL IN INFANT - irritability and nasal congestion
- NEONATAL MORBIDITY - with low apgar score at 5 minutes post delivery
- HIV/AIDS INFANT – microcephalic, craniofacial features, persistent diarrhea
- CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS – purulent conjunctivitis and pneumonia in infant
- RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA – caused by high oxygen concentration administered in premature infants
- SYPHILIS – asymptomatic newborn, VDRL test
- HIP DYSPLASIA – asymmetric gluteal folds
- ERB’S PALSY – complication of breech delivery; flaccid arm with elbows extended; ROM exercises
- PRECIPITATE DELIVERY – increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage and elevated ICP
- PATHOLOGIC JAUNDICE – appearance of jaundice during the first 24 hours
- DECREASED INFANT GFR – inability of the infant to concentrate urine and conserve water
- RESPIRATORY DISTRESS – most common preterm complication
- INFANT HYPOGLYCEMIA SX - tremors, periods of apnea, cyanosis and poor sucking
- LARGER DM NEWBORNS – due to increased somatotropin and increased glucose utilization
- UTERINE AND OVARIAN ARTERIES – main blood supply of the uterus
- ENDOMETRIOSIS – is characterized by painful menstruation and backache
- RETROCOELE – is brought about by overstretching of perineal supporting tissues as a result of childbirth
- COLUMNOSQUAMOUS JUNCTION OF THE INTERNALAND EXTERNAL OS – common site of cervical CA growth
- DIETHYLSTILBESTROL – management for infertility
- RADIUM REACTION – pain and elevated temperature
- DOXORUBICIN – inhibits RNA synthesis by binding DNA
- ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PROTEIN (ERP) – evaluates potential response to hormone therapy
- BILATERAL OOPHORECTOMY – surgical menopause
- CESSATION OF MENSES – is due to the inability of the ovary to respond to gonadotropic hormone
- BARTHOLOMEW’S RULE – via location of fundus
- HAASE’S RUELE – first 5 months: month2 = aog; second half: month x 5 = aog
- NAGELE’S RULE – LMP minus 3m +7d + 1y = EDC
- DECIDUA BASALIS – placenta
- DECIDUA CAPSULARIS – fetus
- DECIDUA VERA – others
- UTERUS – 1 x 2 x 3 cm, pear shaped, ovoid during pregnancy